– Glomerular or tubular urinary disease.
Proteinuria accompanies acute glomerulonephritis and is due to increased permeability of the glomerular basement
membrane. The degree of proteinuria reflects the severity of the condition and helps in assessing prognosis and
response to treatment.
– HIV associated renal disease and treatment with nephrotoxic antiretroviral drugs.
– Pyogenic or tuberculous pyelonephritis.
– Severe lower urinary tract infection.
– Nephrotic syndrome which is a condition characterized by heavy proteinuria and oedema. The oedema is caused by a reduction in the colloid osmotic pressure due to a fall in the level of plasma albumin brought about when proteinuria
rises to 5 or 10 g/l per day.
– Eclampsia when there is moderate to marked proteinuria.
– Urinary schistosomiasis which is usually accompanied by both proteinuria and haematuria.
– Severe febrile illnesses including malaria.
– Occasionally in diabetes . Diabetic nephropathy sometimes causes a nephrotic syndrome
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